102-500 Practice Questions

The commands that can be used to change a user’s account aging information are:

usermod: this command can modify various user account properties, including the password expiration date, the account expiration date, the minimum and maximum password age, the password warning period, and the password inactivity period. To use this command, you need to specify the option and the value for the property you want to change, followed by the username. For example, to set the password expiration date for the user test to February 11, 2022, you can run:

usermod -e 2022-02-11 test

To view the current account aging information for a user, you can use the -l option with the usermod command. For example, to view the information for the user test, you can run:

usermod -l test

passwd: this command can change the password of a user account, as well as some password aging options. To use this command, you need to specify the username and the option for the property you want to change. For example, to change the password of the user test, you can run:

passwd test

To set the maximum password age for the user test to 90 days, you can run:

passwd -x 90 test

To view the current password aging information for a user, you can use the -S option with the passwd command. For example, to view the information for the user test, you can run:

passwd -S test

chage: this command can change the user password expiry and aging information, such as the password expiration date, the account expiration date, the minimum and maximum password age, the password warning period, and the password inactivity period. To use this command, you need to specify the option and the value for the property you want to change, followed by the username. For example, to set the account expiration date for the user test to February 11, 2022, you can run:

chage -E 2022-02-11 test

To view the current account aging information for a user, you can use the -l option with the chage command. For example, to view the information for the user test, you can run:

chage -l test

The other options are incorrect because:

chattr: this command can change the file attributes on a Linux file system, such as making a file immutable, append-only, or undeletable. It has nothing to do with user account aging information.

chsh: this command can change the login shell of a user account, such as bash, zsh, or ksh. It has nothing to do with user account aging information.

References:

How to Manage User Password Expiration and Aging in Linux - Tecmint

Use the Chage Command in Linux

How to set user password expirations on Linux | Enable Sysadmin

How to change password and account expiry options on Linux using chage - Linux Tutorials - Learn Linux Configuration

3 ways to change user password expiration date in Linux - howtouselinux

The journalctl command is a tool for viewing and filtering the systemd journal logs. It accepts various parameters to control the output format, the source of the logs, and the filtering criteria. Two of the parameters that are used to limit the time frame of the output are --since= and --until=. These parameters take a date and time value in the format of “YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss” or a relative value such as “-1h” for one hour ago. For example, the command journalctl --since="2023-11-22 23:00:00" --until="2023-11-23 00:00:00" will show the logs from 11:00 PM to 12:00 AM on November 22, 2023. The --since= and --until= parameters are part of the LPI’s multi-level Linux professional certification program, and they are covered in the topic 106.1 System logging of the exam 102 objectives1. References: 1: https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/exam-102-objectives/

The logger command can be used to generate syslog entries of any facility and priority. It is a shell command interface to the syslog system log module. It allows users to write messages to the system log from the command line or from a script. The logger command supports several options to specify the facility, priority, tag, message, and other attributes of the log entry. For example, the following command generates a log entry with the facility user and the priority info:

logger -p user.info “This is a test message”

The facility and priority can be any of the values defined in the syslog protocol, such as kern, mail, auth, local0, etc. for the facility, and emerg, alert, crit, err, warn, notice, info, debug, etc. for the priority. The default facility is user and the default priority is notice. The logger command can also read messages from standard input or from a file. For more information, see the logger man page or the logger - Linux man page online. References:

Syslogs in Linux: Understanding Facilities and Levels

What are Syslog Facilities and Levels? - Trend Micro

syslog-ng Open Source Edition 3.30 - Administration Guide

Syslog Logging Guide: Advanced Concepts - CrowdStrike