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2016-FRR Practice Exam Questions and Answers

Financial Risk and Regulation (FRR) Series

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Total Questions : 342

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Question # 1

To reduce the variability of net interest income, Gamma Bank can swap positions that make its duration gap equal to

Options:

A.  

0

B.  

1

C.  

-1

D.  

0.5

Discussion 0
Question # 2

Which of the following statements presents an advantage of using risk and control self-assessments (RCSA) in the operational risk framework?

I. RCSA provides very accurate scoring of risks and controls due to its subjective nature.

II. RCSA program provides insight into risks that exist in a firm, but that may or may not have occurred before.

III. RCSA program can produce biased but transparent operational risk reporting.

IV. RCSA program allows each department to take ownership of its own risks and controls.

Options:

A.  

I and III

B.  

II and IV

C.  

I, II and III

D.  

II, III, and IV

Discussion 0
Question # 3

Which one of the four following statements about Basis point values is correct?

Basis point value:

Options:

A.  

Is a widely used statistical tool used to measure market risk.

B.  

Refers to the change in the value of a fixed income position for a very small change yields.

C.  

Is a risk sensitivity measure used to measure the point spread risk in the banking book.

D.  

Provides a quick estimate of the sensitivity of the bank's banking book, to increasing volatility in interest rates.

Discussion 0
Question # 4

Which of the following are typical properties of a statistical distribution of potential losses that a bank might sustain over a period of time?

I. The range of possible losses above the average loss is much greater than those below the average loss.

II. The loss that is most likely to occur is below the average loss.

III. The loss that is most likely to occur is above the average loss.

Options:

A.  

II

B.  

I, II

C.  

I, III

D.  

III

Discussion 0
Question # 5

Bank G has a 1-year VaR of USD 20 million at 99% confidence level while bank H has a 1-year VaR of USD 10 million at 95% confidence level. Which bank is in a more risky position as measured by VaR?

Options:

A.  

Bank G is taking twice the risk of bank H as measured by VaR.

B.  

Bank H is taking twice the risk of bank G as measured by VaR.

C.  

Since the confidence levels are not the same we cannot make any conclusions.

D.  

Both banks are equally risky since the measurements are with the same confidence level.

Discussion 0
Question # 6

To improve the culture and awareness of the operational risk, Gamma Bank's CRO decides to promote three activities within her organization. Which one of the following four activities is NOT typically used to develop an operational risk framework?

Options:

A.  

Marketing

B.  

Planning

C.  

Training

D.  

Auditing

Discussion 0
Question # 7

Bank Muri has $4 million in cash and $5 million in loans coming due tomorrow with an expected default rate of 1%. The proceeds will be deposited overnight. The bank owes $ 9 million on a securities purchase that settles in two days and pays off $8 million in commercial paper in three days that is not expected to renew. On day 2, $1 million in loans is coming in with an expected default rate of 1% and on day 3, $2 million in loans is coming in with expected default rate of 2%. How much should the bank plan to raise in order to avoid liquidity problems?

Options:

A.  

$500 million

B.  

$510 million

C.  

$508 million

D.  

$550 million

Discussion 0
Question # 8

The Treasury function of a bank typically manages all of the following components EXCEPT:

Options:

A.  

Bank's assets and liabilities

B.  

Bank's liquidity

C.  

Bank's capital

D.  

Bank's performance estimates

Discussion 0
Question # 9

If a bank is long £500 million pounds, short £300 million in delta-equivalent pound options, and long £100 million in pound-denominated stocks, what is the amount of pound exposure that would be shown in the aggregated risk reports?

Options:

A.  

£300 million pounds

B.  

£500 million pounds

C.  

£800 million pounds

D.  

£900 million pounds

Discussion 0
Question # 10

A bank customer expecting to pay its Brazilian supplier BRL 100 million asks Alpha Bank to buy Australian dollars and sell Brazilian reals. Alpha bank does not hold Brazilian reals so it asks for a quote to buy Brazilian reals in the market. The market rate is 100. The bank quotes a selling rate of 101 to its customer, sells the reals, and receives AUD 1,010,000. To perform foreign exchange matched position trading, the banks should

Options:

A.  

Immediately buy the real at the market rate of 100 and pay AUD 1,000,000.

B.  

Immediately buy the real above the market rate of 105 and pay AUD 1,050,050.

C.  

Immediately sell the real at the market rate of 100 and receive AUD 1,000,000.

D.  

Immediately sell the real above the market rate of 105 and receive AUD 1,050,050.

Discussion 0
Question # 11

DeltaFin wants to develop a control scoring method for its RCSA program. Which of the following statements regarding scoring methods are correct?

I. DeltaFin can develop a control scoring method that assesses both the design and the performance of the control.

II. DeltaFin can combine the design and performance scores for each control to produce an overall control effectiveness score.

III. DeltaFin can use the control performance scores to compute an overall risk severity score.

IV. DeltaFin can determine its own appropriate control scoring method.

Options:

A.  

I only

B.  

II and III

C.  

I, II and IV

D.  

II, III, and IV

Discussion 0
Question # 12

Which one of the four following statements about drawdowns is correct?

Options:

A.  

Drawdown calculates significant losses in a particular business or a book.

B.  

Drawdown estimates the effect on bank's liabilities when the bank's credit rating is cut.

C.  

Drawdown quantifies the peak-to-trough decline of an investment over a known time period.

D.  

Drawdown measures the aggregate decline in market values of assets and positions due to a shock.

Discussion 0
Question # 13

Which of the following reports have been suggested by the FDIC that banks should produce in addition to the usual probabilistic analysis and stress tests in order to gauge liquidity issues?

I. Cash flow gaps

II. Funding availability

III. Critical assumptions used in credit projections

Options:

A.  

I, II

B.  

I, II, III

C.  

I

D.  

I, III

Discussion 0
Question # 14

Which one of the four following statements regarding minimum loss data standards is not correct?

Options:

A.  

The loss data entry must include the actual loss amount.

B.  

The loss data program must comprehensively capture all material activities.

C.  

The loss data entry should only include the date when the event was reported.

D.  

The loss data entry may include descriptive information about the drivers or causes of the loss event.

Discussion 0
Question # 15

Which one of the following four statements regarding the current value of a transaction and its purposes is INCORRECT?

Options:

A.  

For cash settled instrument the final market value is used to settle the transaction with the counterparty

B.  

Profit and loss calculations are made by comparing the current values to the intrinsic values.

C.  

Margin call by futures exchanges are based on the current market value.

D.  

Counterparty credit risk calculations are made by analyzing the current values of all deals with the same counterparty.

Discussion 0
Question # 16

US-based BetaBank have accumulated Japanese yen, Japanese government bonds, options on Japanese yen, and positions in commodities that have a positive correlation with yen. Which one of the four following non-statistical risk measures could be used to evaluate the BetaBank's exposure to the Japanese economy?

Options:

A.  

Position turnover

B.  

Position concentrations

C.  

Position volatility

D.  

Position sensitivities

Discussion 0
Question # 17

When operating in a heavily traded currency, a commercial and retail bank's treasury is likely to focus on cover operations. Which one of the following four commercial and retails treasury's operations is known as a cover operation?

Options:

A.  

Ensuring that the risks generated by the bank's business are mitigated in the market.

B.  

Managing the net interest rate risk in the banking book directly with market counterparties by operating a derivatives trading desk.

C.  

Effectively transferring the interest rate risk in the banking book to the investment bank at a fair transfer price.

D.  

Mitigating liquidity risk, or effectively managing the balance sheet and its funding.

Discussion 0
Question # 18

Which one of the following four statements correctly defines a non-exotic call option?

Options:

A.  

A call option gives the call option buyer the obligation, but not the right, to buy the underlying instrument at a known price in the future.

B.  

A call option gives the call option buyer the obligation, but not the right, to sell the underlying instrument at a known price in the future

C.  

A call option gives the call option buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying instrument at a known price in the future

D.  

A call option gives the call option buyer the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying instrument at a known price in the future

Discussion 0
Question # 19

The potential failure of a manufacturer to honor a warranty might be called ____, whereas the potential failure of a borrower to fulfill its payment requirements, which include both the repayment of the amount borrowed, the principal and the contractual interest payments, would be called ___.

Options:

A.  

Credit risk; market risk

B.  

Market risk; credit risk

C.  

Credit risk; performance risk

D.  

Performance risk; credit risk

Discussion 0
Question # 20

Which of the following statements regarding bonds is correct?

I. Interest rates on bonds are typically stated on an annualized rate.

II. Bonds can pay floating coupons that are directly linked to various interest rate indices.

III. Convertible bonds have an element of prepayment risk.

IV. Callable bonds have an element of equity risk.

Options:

A.  

I only

B.  

I and II

C.  

I, II, and III

D.  

II, III, and IV

Discussion 0
Question # 21

Of all the risk factors in loan pricing, which one of the following four choices is likely to be the least significant?

Options:

A.  

Probability of default

B.  

Duration of default

C.  

Loss given default

D.  

Exposure at default

Discussion 0
Question # 22

Changes to which one of the following four factors would typically not increase the cost of credit?

Options:

A.  

Increasing inflation rates in a country.

B.  

Increase in consumption of goods and services.

C.  

Higher risk premium on a fixed income instrument.

D.  

Higher return earned on alternative investments.

Discussion 0
Question # 23

Typically, which one of the following four option risk measures will be used to determine the number of options to use to hedge the underlying position?

Options:

A.  

Vega

B.  

Rho

C.  

Delta

D.  

Theta

Discussion 0
Question # 24

A risk manager has a long forward position of USD 1 million but the option portfolio decreases JPY 0.50 for every JPY 1 increase in his forward position. At first approximation, what is the overall result of the options positions?

Options:

A.  

The options positions hedge the forward position by 25%.

B.  

The option positions hedge the forward position by 50%.

C.  

The option positions hedge the forward position by 75%.

D.  

The option positions hedge the forward position by 100%.

Discussion 0
Question # 25

An options trader is assessing the aggregate risk of her currency options exposures. As an options buyer, she can potentially ___ lose more than the premium originally paid. As an option seller, however, she has a ___ risk on the contract and always receives a premium.

Options:

A.  

Never, unlimited

B.  

Sometimes, unlimited

C.  

Never, limited

D.  

Sometimes, limited

Discussion 0
Question # 26

Which one of the following four alternatives lists the three most widely traded currencies on the global foreign exchange market, as of April 2007, in the decreasing order of market share? EUR is the abbreviation of the European euro, JPY is for the Japanese yen, and USD is for the United States dollar, respectively.

Options:

A.  

JPY, EUR, USD

B.  

USD, EUR, JPY

C.  

USD, JPY, EUR

D.  

EUR, USD, JPY

Discussion 0
Question # 27

Which one of the following four statements regarding counterparty credit risk is INCORRECT?

Options:

A.  

Counterparty credit risk refers to the inability to realize gains in a contract with a counterparty due to its default.

B.  

The exposure at default is variable due to fluctuations in swap valuations.

C.  

The exposure at default can be negatively correlated to probability of default.

D.  

Dynamic collateral provisions often increase counterparty risk considerably.

Discussion 0
Question # 28

Which one of the following four global markets for financial assets or instruments is widely believed to be the most liquid?

Options:

A.  

Equity market.

B.  

Foreign exchange market.

C.  

Fixed income market

D.  

Commodities market

Discussion 0
Question # 29

All of the following performance statistics typically benefit country's creditworthiness EXCEPT:

Options:

A.  

Low unemployment

B.  

Low inflation

C.  

High degrees of investment

D.  

Low degrees of savings

Discussion 0
Question # 30

Which one of the following four mathematical option pricing models is used most widely for pricing European options?

Options:

A.  

The Black model

B.  

The Black-Scholes model

C.  

The Garman-Kohlhagen model

D.  

The Heston model

Discussion 0
Question # 31

The pricing of credit default swaps is a function of all of the following EXCEPT:

Options:

A.  

Probability of default

B.  

Duration

C.  

Loss given default

D.  

Market spreads

Discussion 0
Question # 32

In the United States, foreign exchange derivative transactions typically occur between

Options:

A.  

A few large internationally active banks, where the risks become concentrated.

B.  

All banks with international branches, where the risks become widely distributed based on trading exposures.

C.  

Regional banks with international operations, where the risks depend on the specific derivative transactions.

D.  

Thrifts and large commercial banks, where the risks become isolated.

Discussion 0
Question # 33

In the United States, Which one of the following four options represents the largest component of securitized debt?

Options:

A.  

Education loans

B.  

Credit card loans

C.  

Real estate loans

D.  

Lines of credit

Discussion 0
Question # 34

As Japan ___ its budget deficits and ___ its dependence on debt, the Japanese currency, JPY, would ___ in value against other currencies.

Options:

A.  

Reduces, reduces, appreciate

B.  

Reduces, reduces, depreciate

C.  

Increases, reduces, appreciate

D.  

Reduces, increases, depreciate

Discussion 0
Question # 35

Gamma Bank estimates its monthly portfolio volatility at 5%.The portfolio's annual volatility is closest to which of the following?

Options:

A.  

8%

B.  

17%

C.  

30%

D.  

35%

Discussion 0
Question # 36

Forward rate agreements (FRA) are:

Options:

A.  

Exchange traded derivative contracts that allow banks to take positions in forward interest rates.

B.  

OTC derivative contracts that allow banks and customers to obtain the risk/reward profile of long-term interest rates by relying on long-term funding.

C.  

Exchange traded derivative contracts that allow banks to take positions in future exchange rates.

D.  

OTC derivative contracts that allow banks to take positions in forward interest rates.

Discussion 0
Question # 37

Over a long period of time DeltaBank has amassed a large equity option position. Which of the following risks should be considered in this transaction?

I. Counterparty risk on long OTC option positions

II. Counterparty risk on short OTC option positions

III. Counterparty risk on long exchange-traded option positions

IV. Counterparty risk on short exchange-traded option positions

Options:

A.  

I

B.  

I, II

C.  

II, III

D.  

II, III, IV

Discussion 0
Question # 38

Which of the following statements regarding collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) is correct?

I. CDOs typically have loans or bonds as underlying collateral.

II. CDOs generally less risky than CMOs.

III. There is a correlation among defaults in the CDO collateral which should be considered in valuation of these complex instruments.

Options:

A.  

I only

B.  

I and III

C.  

II and III

D.  

I, II, and III

Discussion 0
Question # 39

Which one of the following statements is an advantage of using implied volatility as an input when calculating VaR?

Options:

A.  

Implied volatility assumes volatilities are constant which makes it easy to implement in models.

B.  

Current market data is used to determine implied volatilities, which makes them forward looking measures

C.  

Implied volatilities are better at predicting actual volatilities

D.  

Loss probabilities from the standard normal distribution are used to compute implied volatilities, which makes it easy to compute the.

Discussion 0
Question # 40

Which of the following measure describes the symmetry of a statistical distribution?

Options:

A.  

Mean

B.  

Standard deviation

C.  

Skewness

D.  

Kurtosis

Discussion 0
Question # 41

To estimate the forward price of oil, a commodity trader would most likely use the following pricing relationship:

Options:

A.  

Oil forward price = Expected future oil price ± Oil market risk premium

B.  

Oil forward price = Expected future oil price ± storage cost + Oil market risk premium

C.  

Oil forward price = Expected future oil price ± Oil storage cost + (1 + Oil market risk premium)

D.  

Oil forward price = Expected future oil price ± Oil storage cost + (1 - Oil market risk premium)

Discussion 0
Question # 42

Which one of the four following statements about back testing the VaR models is correct?

Back testing requires

Options:

A.  

Plotting VaR forecasts against the proportion of daily losses exceeding the average loss.

B.  

Comparing the predictive ability of VaR on a daily basis to the realized daily profits and losses.

C.  

Plotting the daily profit and losses along with the ranges predicted by VaR models

D.  

Determining the proportion of daily profits exceeding those predicted by VaR.

Discussion 0
Question # 43

What does correlation between two variables measure?

Options:

A.  

Symmetry of a joint distribution of the two variables.

B.  

Association between the two variables and the strength of a possible statistical relationship.

C.  

The proportion of variability in one of the variables that is explained by the other.

D.  

Extreme returns of both variables.

Discussion 0
Question # 44

Samuel Teng owns a portfolio of bonds and is trying to compute the convexity of his portfolio. Which of the following choices equals the convexity of Samuel's portfolio?

Options:

A.  

Minimum of the convexities of the component bonds

B.  

Value-weighted average convexity of the component bonds

C.  

Coupon-weighted average convexity of the component bonds

D.  

Maximum of the convexities of the component bonds

Discussion 0
Question # 45

Which of the following statements is a key difference between customer loans and interbank loans?

Options:

A.  

Customers are less credit-worthy than banks on average and hence yields are higher on average for customer loans as compared to interbank loans

B.  

Customer loans are of shorter duration than interbank loans

C.  

Customer loans are easier to sell than interbank loans

D.  

Interbank loans are more customized than commercial loans

Discussion 0
Question # 46

James Johnson bought a coupon bond yielding 4.7% for $1,000. Assuming that the price drops to $976 when yield increases to 4.71%, what is the PVBP of the bond.

Options:

A.  

$26.

B.  

$76.

C.  

$870.

D.  

$976.

Discussion 0
Question # 47

From a risk point of view, which of the following factors will generally lead to the fluctuation of equity values with industry P/E levels and a company's individual earnings?

I. Sales

II. Cost management

III. Commercial success of the company

IV. Market sentiment

Options:

A.  

I, II

B.  

II, IV

C.  

III, IV

D.  

I, II, III

Discussion 0
Question # 48

A multinational bank just bought two bonds each worth $10,000. One of the bonds pays a fixed interest of 5% semi-annually and the other pays LIBOR semi-annually. The six month LIBOR is at 5% currently. The risk manager of the bank is concerned about the sensitivity to interest rates. Which of the following statements are true?

Options:

A.  

The price of the bond paying floating interest is more sensitive to interest rates than the bond paying fixed interest.

B.  

The price of the bond paying fixed interest is more sensitive to interest rates than the bond paying floating interest.

C.  

Both bond prices are equally sensitive to interest rates.

D.  

The given information is not enough to determine the sensitivity of the bond prices.

Discussion 0
Question # 49

Which one of the following statements regarding collateralized mortgage obligations (CMO) is incorrect?

Options:

A.  

CMOs have senior tranches which are considered short-term, low-risk instruments by banks

B.  

CMOs are asset-backed securities that have pools of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) as underlying collateral.

C.  

CMOs are generally less risky investment than CDOs.

D.  

CMOs are pools of mortgages that are divided according to the timing of cash flows.

Discussion 0
Question # 50

What do option deltas measure?

Options:

A.  

The rate of change of the option value with respect to changes in volatility of the underlying instrument.

B.  

The sensitivity of the option value to changes risk free interest rate.

C.  

The rate of change of the option value with respect to changes in the price of the underlying instrument.

D.  

The sensitivity of the option value to the passage of time.

Discussion 0
Question # 51

Which one of the following four statements describes the advantage of using delta-gamma method of mapping options positions over delta-normal method?

Delta-gamma method

Options:

A.  

Converts options into underlying factor risks according to their deltas and the gammas to those factors.

B.  

Fully captures option price risk, particularly for extreme price movements.

C.  

Overstates the risk of long option positions, but understate the risk of short option positions.

D.  

Approximates more accurately the non-linear relationship of option values and risk.

Discussion 0
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